History/Medieval Studies 303
Readings:
Book List
Iconoclasm
Discussion
Topics
Chronologies:
Imperial Crisis
Later Roman
Emperors, 306-395
Fall of Western
Empire
Age of Justinian
Islamic Caliphs
Byzantine Dark
Ages
Triumph of
Christianity
Macedonian Resurgence
Crusades
Restoration and Ottoman Advance
Handouts:
Population
Finances under
Justinian
Byzantium c.850A.D.
Currency charts:
Diocletian
and Constantine
Justinian
and Heraclius
Isaurian,
Amorian, and Macedonian Ages
Comnenian
and Palaeogian Ages
AGE OF JUSTININIAN:
I. RULERS
II. WAR AND DIPLOMACY
War and Diplomacy:
I. Eastern Frontier
II. Reconquest of Africa
III. Reconquest of Italy
| 526 | Earthquake at Antioch | |
| Outbreak of FIRST PERSIAN WAR (526-532) | ||
| 529 | BELISARIUS assumes command of Eastern Army | |
| 530 | BATTLE OF DARAS: BELISARIUS DEFEATS PERSIAN ARMY | |
| 531 | Death of Shah KAVAD; Accession of Shah CHOSROES (KHUSRAU) I (531-579) | |
| 532 | PERPETUAL PEACE: Justinian pays 11,000 pounds of gold (782,000 solidi) to Chosroes I | |
| 539 | Tax Revolts in Eastern Asia Minor and Armenia | |
| Witigis appeals to Chosroes I | ||
| 540 | Outbreak of SECOND PERSIAN WAR (540-545) | |
| CHOSROES I INVADES MESOPOTAMIA AND SYRIA | ||
| PERSIANS SACK ANTIOCH | ||
| 541 | BELISARUS assumes command of Eastern Army | |
| Imperial Offensives against Nisibis (541-543) | ||
| 544 | Persian Siege of EDESSA; Miracle of Intercession of the MANDELION ("Holy Image of Christ") | |
| 545 | FIVE YEAR TRUCE: Justinian pays Chosroes 2,000 pounds of gold (144,000 solidi) | |
| 551 | Renewal of FIVE YEAR TRUCE: Justinian pays Chosroes 2,600 pounds of gold (187,200 solidi) | |
| 561/2 | FIFTY YEAR TREATY: Justinian pays Chosroes 210,000 solidi calculated at 30,000 per year | |
| 569 | Justin II pays Chosroes 90,000 solidi | |
| 572 | JUSTIN II refuses annual subsidy of 30,000 solidi to Chosroes: OUTBREAK OF PERSIAN WAR (572-591) |
II. THE RECONQUEST OF AFRICA
| 523 | Accession of King HILDERIC (523-530) | |
| Pro-Roman & Pro-Catholic Policy in Vandal Kingdom | ||
| 530 | GELIMER (530-533) deposes Hilderic & initiates anti-Roman and anti-Catholic Policies in Africa | |
| 532 | Suppression of NIKA REVOLT; Belisarius prepares African Expedition | |
| 533 | Belisarius invades North Africa: Battles of AD DECIMUM and TRICAMARON | |
| Imperial Reconquest of Africa | ||
| 534 | Surrender of Gelimer | |
| Recall and Triumph of Belisarius | ||
| SOLOMON reorganizes the African Provinces | ||
| 536 | Outbreak of Mutiny under STOTZAS (536-539) | |
| Belisarius recalled to Carthage | ||
| 537-539 | Expedition of GERMANUS to Africa | |
| Restoration of Order in African Provinces | ||
| 539-544 | Second Administration of SOLOMON | |
| 543 | PLAGUE RAVAGES AFRICA; OUTBREAK OF GREAT MOORISH REBELLION (543-548) | |
| 544 | Defeat and Death of Solomon at Cillium | |
| 546-548 | EXPEDITION OF JOHN TROGLITAS | |
| Restoration of Order in North Africa | ||
| 562/3 | Marcian suppresses Moorish Uprising |
III. RECONQUEST OF ITALY
| 519 | JUSTIN I ENDS ACACIAN SCHISM: RESTORATION OF COMMUNION BETWEEN ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE | |
| 524 | THEODERIC (489-526) executes Boethius | |
| Roman Senate alienated from Gothic rule | ||
| 526 | Death of THEODORIC & Accession of ATHALARIC (526-534): Regency of AMALASUNTHA | |
| 534 | Death of Athalaric; Amalasuntha concludes alliance with Justinian | |
| Marriage of Amalasuntha and THEODAHAD (534-536) | ||
| 535 | Murder of Amalasuntha; Justinian declares war | |
| BELISARIUS conquers Sicily | ||
| 536 | BELISARIUS INVADES ITALY: Imperial Forces capture Rhegium and Naples (Nov.) | |
| Goths depose Theodahad and elect WITIGIS (536-540) as king; Witigis abandons Rome | ||
| Belisarius occupies Rome (December 9, 536) | ||
| 537 | FIRST SIEGE OF ROME (Jan. 537-Mar. 538) | |
| Justinian sends Reinforcements to Italy | ||
| 538 | Witigis raises Siege of Rome | |
| Goths besiege JOHN at Ariminum (Rimini) | ||
| Arrival of Reinforcements under NARSES | ||
| Belisarius assumes Offensive in Central Italy | ||
| Mundalias liberates Liguria and reoccupies MILAN | ||
| 539 | Intervention of Franks; Fall & Sack of Milan | |
| Recall of Narses | ||
| Belisarius besieges Witigis in RAVENNA (539-540) | ||
| 540 | SURRENDER OF WITIGIS | |
| Imperial Administration reorganized at RAVENNA | ||
| RECALL OF BELISARIUS TO THE EAST | ||
| 541 | TOTILA ELECTED KING OF THE OSTROGOTHS & overruns Italy (541-543) | |
| 544 | BELISARIUS RETURNS TO ITALY (544-549) | |
| 545-547 | SECOND SIEGE OF ROME | |
| Justinian rejects Totila's Peace Terms | ||
| 547 | Belisarius reoccupies Rome & repels Totila | |
| 549 | Belisarius recalled from Italy | |
| THIRD SIEGE OF ROME (549-550); TOTILA RECAPTURES ROME AND OFFERS NEW PEACE PROPOSAL | ||
| 550 | GERMANUS ORGANIZES NEW ITALIAN EXPEDITION | |
| Liberius intervenes in Spain (550-551) | ||
| 551 | Death of Germanus; NARSES assumes command of the Italian Expedition | |
| 552 | BATTLE OF BUSTA GALLORUM: NARSES DEFEATS GOTHIC ARMY AND DEATH OF TOTILA | |
| Surrender of Rome to Narses | ||
| Battle of Mons Lactarius: Narses defeats Teias & Last Gothic Army | ||
| 554 | Battle of Capua: Narses defeats Frankish Invasion | |
| Justinian issues PRAGMATIC SANCTION | ||
| 562 | Surrender of Last Gothic Garrisons in North Italy |
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